The Seven Deadly Sins Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿ The Seven Deadly Sins In the play Everyman, lust rears its head as the craving and wants to satisfy the pleasures of the flesh (Everyman 37). Everyman lives a life intertwined with accumulation and immoral use of wealth and loving material needs and bodily pleasures. This combination draws him further from the Divine Being, leading him along the path of destruction up to the precipices of eternal Hell. Having fallen to the temptations of fulfilling bodily pleasures, he becomes a fallen man in the Grace of God. However, in all transgressions, the assurance from Fellowship about redemption assures Everyman. The expression of Everyman’s gluttonous living style summarized by Fellowship: "And yet if thou will eat, and drink, and make good cheer, or haunt to women the lusty company, I would not forsake you while the day is clear. Trust me verily" (Everyman 40). With the wealth at his disposal, Everyman pursued self-fulfilling lifestyles. He could wine and dine whenever, wherever and with whomever he d esired. This trend of living pushed him further from the Grace of God. However, God’s message to him is of assurance of no abandonment. In his entire life, Everyman tended to live a luxurious life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Seven Deadly Sins or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Finding himself lost in a wooded area, Dante contemplates suicide. This exposes the unwillingness and lack of effort of Dante to look for ways out of problems and predicaments. However, he gets rescued by poet Virgil’s spirit. Virgil guides Dante through Hell, where, upon entry, he encounters the famous statement "Abandon all hope, ye who enter here"(Dante & Stanley 6). This expresses the ultimate nature of Hell, meaning all hope about leaving hell remain a distant dream. The pride of the residents of hell expresses the unrepentant nature they possess. They express no remorse for what they did in their former lives. They tend to justify all the wrongs and crimes they inflicted before joining hell (Dante & Stanley 89). They tend to hold contempt over the Grace of God. The hierarchy of hell consists of concentric circles, severity of sentences increases with the approach to the innermost circle. Hell preserves four circles to the four of the Seven Dead ly Sins: wrath, lust, greed and glutton. In the circles of lust and gluttons, punishment and repercussions vary in severity. In hell, the lustful, illustrated as engulfed in wind engaged in chaotic motion, to depict the passion they squandered in abandon (Dante & Stanley 95). Those who had food in excess and misused it wallow in want, and instead of the palaces they occupied, they now live in dirty mud. The guardian of the gluttons, Cerberus, feed on the gluttons as a return of the gluttonous’ appetite they had while on earth (Dante & Stanley 96). Murderer and tyrants stay in boiling blood to depict the blood they shed in their previous lives. In Beowulf, the Seven Deadly Sins present themselves in clear and succinct manner. Unferth, who stands and protects the Kingdom of King Hrothgar feels envy over Beowulf, when the later turns up with his soldiers to defend the kingdom. Unferth, having failed to protect the kingdom, the poet writes â€Å"/He could not brook or abide the face that anyone else alive under heaven might enjoy greater regard than he did / â€Å"(Beowulf Lines 503-505). Further, Unferth continues to† /feel sick with envy /†. Wrath gets a thorough presentation in the pot’s own words. Having been outcast and cursed from society, Grendel launches attacks on the villages to try conquering the kingdom. Alone, the â€Å"/shadow-stalker/ came /greedily loping. The bane of the race of men roamed forth, hunting for prey in the high hall/† (Beowulf lines 711-713). The attacks present the wrath Grendel mounts on the inhabitants of the villages in response to curses and societal delineatio n accorded to him. Having gone against society, Grendel should accept the current situation. At a time when Beowulf represents the Geatland as King, there arise a dragon that breaths fire. The dragon attacks the kingdom from the simple goblet covered with gem. Gluttonously, the dragon destroys parts of the kingdom reducing buildings, forts and regions to ashes and dust. The kingdom survives the â€Å"/brunt of his brutal assaults and virulent hate/ â€Å"when Beowulf fights the dragon (Beowulf lines 2318-2320). The attack by the dragon stems from goblet that was â€Å"/as useless to men now as it ever was/†(Beowulf Line 3168). The dragon presents fury beyond standards. Another of the Deadly Sins, pride, plays out when Beowulf defends the Kingdom against the dragon. Instead of taking a band of men with him, as was usually the case, to the fight, he goes alone. He prides himself to the people of the need to sleep in comfort for. He already considered the war with the dragon as won. However, King Hrothgar advises him against such pride by telling him â€Å"/for a b rief while your power is in bloom but it varnishes rapidly; and soon†¦your sharp eye will dim and darken/ and death will appear, dear combatant, to sweep you away/† (Beowulf Lines 1760-1768). Moreover, although Beowulf wins the war, he succumbs to his pride. Works cited Everyman, and Other Miracle and Morality Plays. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print. Dante, Alighieri, & Stanley Lombardo. Inferno. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co, 2009. Print. Beowulf. New York: Dover Publications, 1992. Print.

Article Critique Enterprise Risk Management - 960 Words

Article Critique: â€Å"Enterprise Risk Management in SMEs: Towards a Structural Model† Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), which addresses strategic, operations, reporting and compliance objectives, is a process designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within the risk an organization is willing to take in order to achieve its strategic objectives (Gelinas, Dull, Wheeler, 2015). â€Å"Enterprise Risk Management in SMEs: Towards a Structural Model† by Brustbauer (2016), analyses ERM in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMESs) by developing a structural model based on a postal survey questionnaire. Ultimately, the article evaluates ERM in terms of approach which affects the strategic orientation, preconditions for ERM implementation, the effect of ERM on business success, and a structural model of ERM in SMEs. Summary Risk The article provides the definition of risk as the probable uncertainty of outcomes stemming from a choice, and a reflecting variation in the distribution of potential outcomes probabilities and subjective values (March Shapira, 1987). Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) ERM evaluates risk from an all risks-encompassing perspective, which identifies, assesses and monitors all threats and opportunities facing a firm. Thus, promoting increased risk management awareness to support the firm-wide approach, and translate the approach into operational and strategic management decisions (Brustbauer, 2016). 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It is no doubt that there are still many debates towards strategy concept. In this essay, the article â€Å"crafting strategy† will be reviewed. This is analysed by putting the article in to a widerRead MoreCritique Paper on Completing the Audit and Post-Audit Reponsibilities2301 Words   |  10 Pages2013 Antonio, Mark Earl Angelo P. ACT162 – B74 3/3/2013 2013 Antonio, Mark Earl Angelo P. ACT162 – B74 3/3/2013 Critique Paper #03: Completing the Audit and Post-Audit Responsibilities Critique Paper #03: Completing the Audit and Post-Audit Responsibilities Summary The first article of Moez Bennouri, entitled â€Å"Does Auditors’ Reputation ‘Discourage’ Related Party Transactions? The French Case† studies the relationship between the frequency of RPTs and the external auditors’ reputationRead MoreBlackberry : An Tool For Growing Businesses1844 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyzed in this paper. Following the critique, a recommendation will be made at the end. P.E.S.T.L.E. 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Essay on How Marsupials Adapt to the Arid Australian...

How Marsupials adapt to the arid Australian Environment Introduction The increasing aridity of the Australian continent over the past 20 million years has favoured organisms that could adapt to dry conditions. Marsupials have developed a variety of behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations to survive in these arid conditions with little or no food and free water for extended periods of time. Marsupials living in Australia’s hot arid environment must deal with exposure to extreme conditions such as high temperatures, solar radiation and limited food and water supply. More than 50% of the world’s marsupial species occur only in Australia (Steffen et al 2009), which indicates their ability to adapt to Australian†¦show more content†¦Arid zoned habitats provide challenging conditions for small marsupials. Some marsupials live underground to provide protection from predators and exposure to heat and also assist with water balance and energy expenditure as discussed by Warnecke (2010) King and Bradshaw (2008) describe a behavioural avoidance mechanism called thermal refugia. Rock wallabies and bettongs use thermal refugia to survive in arid environments. Movement patterns Red Kangaroos have developed a behavioural adaptation, which involves travelling long distances in search of fresh food and water as discussed by Barker and Greenslade (1982). Research indicates that the number of red kangaroos, which may be found in areas that have recently received rainfall, is 270 times greater than areas without rainfall (Barker Greenslade 1982). Travelling extensive distances for improved food and water supplies is likely to be inherited behavioural adaptation from the time when there were no artificial watering points and kangaroos would have been required to locate permanent bodies of water (Barker Greenslade 1982). Morphological Adaptations Marsupials have a variety of morphological adaptations to assist living in arid environments. Planigales are among the smallest marsupials and oftenShow MoreRelatedWhy the Flora and Fauna of Australia so Unique2158 Words   |  9 Pagesconsiderable changes in climate and ecosystems. The interaction of these forces (the unpredictable changes) is exactly what happened to Australia and as a consequence, drove the native Australian animals onto a very unique evolutionary path different from any other area land- no matter how similar their environments. It is widely accepted that between 260-180 million years ago, all of the Earth’s land was a part of one single large landmass called ‘Pangaea’. However, 180 million years ago Pangaea

Case Study E-Procurement System for Victoria Museum †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the E-Procurement System for Victoria Museum. Answer: Introduction The continuous improvement plan is considered as one of the significant plan and process for the striving the consistency for enhancing any particular service or product. Chattergoon et al., (2014) illustrated in various project management, the organization realize the complacency in the process of achieving quality inproject management process but losing the competitive advantage. Ensuring the continuous improvement during the project ensures the simplified pressure, process, customer recognition and improved quality of the product and project. The plan for the continuous improvement for a particular project allow the organization to plan and act accordingly for incremental enhancement of the process, products and services. In this report, the project aims at development and implementation of an E-procurement system for Victoria Museum. Continuous Improvement Plan Figure 1: Continuous Improvement Process (Source: Created by Author) Bernhardt, (2013) illustrated that the application of the continuous improvement plan during theproject management allows the organization in continuous monitoring, evaluation and incremental improvement of the undertaken project. The development of the continuous improvement model illustrates the basic principle ofproject management with the application several core improvement principles. According to Vollenbroek et al., (2014), various basic principles of project improvement as follows: Incremental Improvement: The improvement plan in the project should be based on small changes rather that major shift in paradigm. The amount and level of change within the project significantly impact the organization and success of the project. Sibthorpe et al., (2017) showed that considering small and incremental improvement in the project reduces the potential of risks. Improvement is based on the project team: The opportunities in improvement within the project needs to included and initiated from within the project team and the internal stakeholders. The top management involvement and changes in the project scope are not included in the improvement plan. Reflective Improvement: Hunt, Hunter and Levan (2017) illustrated that the improvement module undertaken for the project are inexpensive as there are based on the previous module or prototype developed. The analysis and plan of the project team are included in the next iteration of the improvement plan. According to Muhammed et al., (2017), the feedback of the client during the implementation of the improvement module are crucial for ensuing the client satisfaction and obtaining the project scope. Repeatable and Measurable Improvement: Lewis, (2016) illustrated that the change made for the improvement of the project also needs to be analyzed and tracked. The determination of the impact on the project allows the organization and the project manager to evaluate the level of success of the project and the improvement made. The process of improvement within the project is based on four basics module as illustrated in figure 1. Identify: Rahman et al., (2016) showed that in the identify phase, the internal stakeholder of the project evaluate the current system or prototype model that has been developed during the project. The analysis of the current status of the project and the limitations allows the project team to identify the required area where the improvement can be made. Plan: Based on the identification of the improvement area, the project team developed a required plan for implementing the improvement module within the existing project. The level of improvement determines required planning of the implementation, development, resource allocation and execution of the project. In addition to that, the project manager needs to develop the required process that would be followed during the execution phase. Execute: Elmore et al., (2014) showed that the execution phase of the improvement process is initiated based on the review and approval of implementation plan. The developed plan for the implementing the improvement module are deployed in this particular phase. Review: The deployment of the improvement process does not end at the execution of the plan. In the review phase, the project manager needs to continuously monitor and review the changes implemented in the project. The monitoring, evaluation of the review of the improvement phase allows in determining the impact of the change and modification made within the project. Procedural Documents Required in the Improvement Plan Fagnani, and Guimaraes, (2017) showed that it is essential for the project manager to develop and follow various procedural documents for ensuring the proper and effective development of the improvement plan. Following are the several procedural documents that are essential for the improvement process within the project. Procedural Documents Definitions Internal Audits The internal audit plan for the project helps in testing and inspecting the developed project or prototype model. The documents of the internal audits includes the assessment and evaluation of the management process and developed system itself. The application of the audit report uncovers the particular area within the project that has an improvement scope and opportunity for ensuring quality project. Project Management Plan The documents for the project management plan in the project, includes the required process and techniques for developing the required project. Furthermore, the development of the project management plan includes the cost estimation and schedule for developing the particular project. Apart from that, the project documents allows in identification of the potential risks that might occur during the project. Quality Review documents The Quality Review Documents includes the information regarding the review and analysis of the project. The development of the Quality Review Documents allows the organization in identifying the area that can be improved through the next iteration of the improvement plan. The quality review document includes process evaluation, performance review, technical, functional and operational review of the project. Project Charter The initiation of the project development and implementation of the project improvement process is based and dependent on the approval of the project charter. The project charter helps in the identification of the project scope and requirements that needs to be implemented in the project. The project charter are approved by the project manager and project client before starting the implementation process. Project Budget The project budget document provides the detailed budget estimation required for the project. The project budget documents also includes the cash flow and budget analysis based on the undertaken project. The improvement plan for the next iteration is dependent on the estimated project budget as motioned in the project budget document. Project Risk Assessment The risk assessment document is required in the project for the estimation and evaluation of the associated risks present within the project. The risks assessment documents also identified the possible mitigation solutions. Furthermore the risks identified and obtained within the project are recorded in the risk register included in the risk assessment document. Post Project implementation review After the implementation of the improvement plan in the project, the developed project is reviewed and verifies for ensuing the quality and possibility of enhancement within the project. Practical Implementation: The project for the implementation of the e-procurement system for Museum Victoria, Australia followed the PDCA model for including the incremental improvement within the project. The process of continuous improvement plan followed for the development of the e-procurement system includes the continuous improvement of the system with continuous and incremental improvement. In this project, the improvement plan includes four significant stages illustrated as follows: Plan: In the planning phase, the changes and improvement required in the e-procurement system are identified. During this phase, the current prototype of the e-procurement system developed for the Museum Victoria are investigated and potential area for development are identified. The project team involved in the e-procurement system project evaluates the system and identifying the risks and opportunities associated with the project. The project team used the prioritization matrix for determining a particular change that needs to be implemented in the next iteration phase. For developing the plan for improvement process, the functional module and processes that has been developed in the prototype of the e-procurement system are evaluated. Value Stream Mapping and flow chart will be used for defining the functions and procedures of e-procurement system. Time and budget are the significant factors determining the project success. The project manager will use histogram and Pareto charts will be used for evaluating the resources required and its impact on the allocated budget and schedule of the e-procurement project. Furthermore, brainstorming session among the team members would allow in the identification of the area of improvement in the e-procurement system. Based on the identification of the significant causes and area of improvement, the project manager would develop an action plan that needs to be implemented during the improvement plan. Do: During the Do phase of the continuous improvement process, the incremental development is done on the prototype model of the e-procurement system for Museum Victoria. The project manager developed the required scope documents and project implementation plan for the e-procurement system. The developed plan for implementing the improvement module will be reviewed and approved by the project manager before implementation. In this particular phase, the required modification will be made in the functional module will be implemented. The modification done in the prototype of the e-procurement system allowed in improving the previous solutions for eliminating the identified issues and risks. During the system improvement, the project manager follows the project plan and project charter for ensuring the achievement and implementation of the project scope. The project manager further records the risks identified and accessed during the implementation of the planned improvement module. Check: In this particular phase, the project manager analyses the performance of the e-procurement system and compare the data with the initial model observed before improvement. The data obtained are further measured with the baseline of the planed project for determining and identifying the planed improvement for the e-procurement system was achieved. The quality review documents are developed in this phase for evaluating and reviewing the obtained quality in the developed improved e-procurement system for Museum Australia. In addition to that, the quality of the e-procurement system is evaluated and identified based on the black box test, unit test analyzing the achievement of the functional requirements for display and storage of information. Apart from that, the system quality is further evaluated by the client feedback and user acceptance test ensuring all the functional requirements are met during the improvement plan. The information obtained from the quality assessment and e valuation of the e-procurement system are recorded in the project plan for future application. Act: This phase of the improvement plan for the e-procurement project enables the analysis and testing of the required e-procurement system developed after the improvement plan. Based on the evaluation of the system, the project manager needs to determine whether the developed e-procurement system needs to be adopted, adapted or abandoned. The improved system of e-procurement will be adopted if the quality analysis revealed the meeting of the aim has been obtained. This process includes the establishment of the new functional module and measured for standardizing the performance of the application for the Museum Victoria. Furthermore, in case of the system adaptation, various monitoring benchmarks are developed for monitoring the quality and performance of the developed e-procurement system. In addition to that, based on the analysis, thee project manager may decide to repeat the improvement phase for enhancing the quality of the e-procurement system. The improved system is adapted w hen the system fails to obtain the complete requirement of the improvement process. In case of the system adaptation, the improvement phase is repeated with the development of the enhanced e-procurement system. In addition to that, if the improvement phase does not provide required solution and enhancement of the quality or functionality of the e-procurement system, the project manager abandoned the system and initiated the project improvement plan for achieving the required quality as identified in the planning phase of PDCA. Conclusion The application of the PDCA module for achieving the required quality and improvement of the e-procurement system has been identified as most appropriate. As the development of the e-procurement system is IT based project, the application of the PDCA model allowed the project manager in developing the software in an incremental process for ensuring the quality and project scope. Therefore, the proper planning and development of the improvement plan would assist in achieving the required quality in the e-procurement system. Bibliography Bereskie, T., Haider, H., Rodriguez, M.J. and Sadiq, R., 2017. Framework for continuous performance improvement in small drinking water systems.Science of The Total Environment,574, pp.1405-1414. Bernhardt, V., 2013.Data, Data, Everywhere: Bringing All the Data Together for Continuous School Improvement. Routledge. Chattergoon, S., Darling, S., Devitt, R. and Klassen, W., 2014, May. Creating and sustaining value: Building a culture of continuous improvement. InHealthcare Management Forum(Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 5-9). No longer published by Elsevier. Cousar, R.D., Bailey, R., Downs, S., Groce, D. and Miller, S., 2015. What Goes Around-Billing Cycle Alignment for Continuous Improvement.Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015(4), pp.1-13. Eaidgah, Y., Eaidgah, Y., Maki, A.A., Maki, A.A., Kurczewski, K., Kurczewski, K., Abdekhodaee, A. and Abdekhodaee, A., 2016. Visual management, performance management and continuous improvement: A lean manufacturing approach.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma,7(2), pp.187-210. Elmore, R.F., Forman, M.L., Stosich, E.L. and Bocala, C., 2014. The Internal Coherence Assessment Protocol Developmental Framework: Building the Organizational Capacity for Instructional Improvement in Schools. Research Paper.Strategic Education Research Partnership. Fagnani, E. and Guimares, J.R., 2017. Waste management plan for higher education institutions in developing countries: The Continuous Improvement Cycle model.Journal of Cleaner Production,147, pp.108-118. Hunt, P., Hunter, S.B. and Levan, D., 2017. Continuous Quality Improvement in Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. Lewis, W.E., 2016.Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Martin, K. and Osterling, M., 2014.Value stream mapping: how to visualize work and align leadership for organizational transformation. McGraw-Hill. Montecatine-Alonso, E., Villanueva-Bueno, C., Santos-Rubio, M.D., Sierra-Torres, M.I., Rodriguez-Perez, A.A., Toscano-Guzman, M.D., Poyatos-Ruiz, L.L. and Garcia-Avello, A., 2016. CP-090 Adequacy of omeprazole solution prescription for administration by nasogastric tube applying a continuous improvement system (deming cycle). Muhammed, M.A., Kabiru, S., Abdulkarim, J.A., Riazi, S.R.M. and Nawi, M.N.M., 2017. Profitability of Continuous Improvement Process in Developing Human Resource Plan for Construction Companies in Malaysia.International Review of Management and Marketing,6(8S), pp.299-305. Rahman, M.M., Hamid, M. and Islam, M.T., 2016. Continuous School Improvement Plan for Quality Education in the Light of Pedagogy: An Action Research. Sibthorpe, B., Agostino, J., Coates, H., Weeks, S., Lehmann, D., Wood, M., Lannigan, F. and McAullay, D., 2017. Indicators for continuous quality improvement for otitis media in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.Australian journal of primary health,23(1), pp.1-9. Tiep, B., Barnett, M. and Carter, R., 2017. Management Of COPD Via A Clinical Guidance System: 15th Year Of A Continuous Improvement Model. InB73. PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COPD(pp. A4272-A4272). American Thoracic Society. Vollenbroek, W., Jagersberg, K., Vries, S. and Constantinides, E., 2014. Learning Education: An Educational Big Dataapproach for monitoring, steering and assessment of the process of continuous improvement of education. Zhu, B.W., Zhang, J.R., Tzeng, G.H., Huang, S.L. and Xiong, L., 2017. Public Open Space Development for Elderly People by Using the DANP-V Model to Establish Continuous Improvement Strategies towards a Sustainable and Healthy Aging Society.Sustainability,9(3), p.420.

Ripple Effects Upon Economy Essays - Keynesian Economics, Inflation

Ripple Effects Upon Economy There are several things that can cause a ripple effect in our economy. There are economic facts, or things that will happen no matter what, that start to affect more and more people, until they sooner or later effect everybody. The Keynesian Transmission Mechanism is a good example of something that has a ripple effect on everybody. The Keynesian mechanism has three stages, each of which has an effect on something. The first stage is the increase or decrease in the supply of money (A-1). The second stage is for the investment to rise or fall in conjunction with the change of the money supply (B-1). The third and final stage in the mechanism, is for the total expenditure/aggregate demand curve to shift accordingly to the both the money supply, and the investment. There are also some walls that block the mechanism from working, that have ripple effects on the economy. These include the Liquidity trap, and Interest-Insensitive Investment. In the first stage of the Keynesian Transmission Mechanism, the money supply is either raised, or lowered by the Fed. They do this by buying and selling bonds to the public. If they buy bonds back, then they are essentially lowering the money supply, where as if they sell them, then they are raising the money supply. Looking at this alone, one can predict a rise or a fall in the amount of each individual has due to the scarcity of money, or the lack there of. This will have a ripple effect on the economy, because people will save more if they have less, and spend more if they have more (C-1). For example, if the Fed were to increase the money supply would cause a surplus of money in the money market. This in turn will have an effect on the interest rates. The interest rates will lower due to the money surplus (B-1). Because of the lower interest rate, the AD curve will shift to the right. This happens due to a drop in the price level because of the lower interest rate. With the lower interest rate, the price of houses and cars will go down. This in turn raises total expenditures, and Real GDP. If Real GDP raises, then the unemployment goes down, do to the inverse relationship between GDP and Unemployment. Basically this all means that when the money supply increases, there will be more money in ones pockets. With more money in ones pocket, they will be more likely to look into and possibly buy a new car or house. The resurgence of buying power by the public will cause Real GDP to shift to the right. There are also more people working to get the money. The opposite is also true (D-1.2.3). If the Fed were to decide to buy back some bonds, then the money supply would be lowered, causing an increase in the interest rate, which in turn will shift the AD curve to the left. And because of the leftward shift in the AD curve, the inverse relationship states that unemployment will be higher. Meaning that there will be fewer jobs, and more people searching for them. There are two traps in the Keynesian Transmission Mechanism. The first is called the Liquidity Trap. This occurs when the Demand for money is at a horizontal position (E-1). This means that it would not matter if the money supply were to be increased from S1 to S2, the demand would stay the same. Because of this, there would be no change in the interest rate, so investment and Real GDP would not be affected. Basically there would be more money out there, but it wouldn't be as needed. The second trap is the Interest-Insensitive Investment. This means that the investment would not change due to a change in the interest rate. If the interest rate doesn't affect the investment, then the investment would not be able to cause a shift of either left or right of the AD curve. This usually happens if a firm or a corporation is expecting an increase in the interest rate, even though it is low at the time. The corporation will not be as likely to invest knowing that they will get burned later on. Since in either way, you have an increase in the money supply, there will be a result that affects everybody. If the money supply is increased, and the AD curve doesn't shift to the right, then there will be more money to

Fitness and Performance in Aviation

Fitness and Performance in Aviation Fitness in most professional jobs is an individual duty to assess his or her well-being in undertaking such professions. It is a legal requirement to undergo thorough medical checkups before qualifying for professions like aviation and other related jobs. Most of the accidents caused by aircrafts are related to human factors of physical and psychological fitness. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Fitness and Performance in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the advancement in technology, aircrafts have become more reliable and efficient, thus reducing the number of accidents that occur due to mechanical breakdown. The greater percentage of aircraft accidents is thus caused by human factors and account to more than eighty percent of the total accidents caused by the aircrafts (Lowry, 1999, p. 102). The success of a flight is dependent on human fitness to execute a safe flight. This term paper discusse s the factors that affect fitness and performance in aviation such as physical exercise, health, stress, workloads, shift work, pressure to meet deadlines and use of drugs. The physical fitness and vigorous health of aviation workers are critical aspects in their performance, in aviation, because of the nature of some of their jobs that may be physically demanding. Besides, aviation activities are carried out in a wide range of physical environments that involve substantial change in temperatures, air composition, humidity and other weather related factors. The ability of the aviation workers to carry some of their tasks may be hindered by poor eyesight, poor hearing, physical injuries, and other physical related factors (Stolzer, Harlford, Goglia, 2008, p. 58). It is a duty for the individual workers to assess their physical and health fitness in carrying out the aviation duties. Secondly, physical fitness of an individual affects the sensory system of orientation. Good eyesight is critical in making judgments on safe flight. The human eye is adapted to see during the day light using rods in the eyes and at night using the cones. The rods take time to adjust to bright light during the night when it is introduced shortly. Physical fitness through exercising the body and eating a well balanced diet that is rich in vitamins is vital in maintaining proper eyesight. Vitamin A specifically is used to prevent night blindness disease that is caused by lack of enough vitamin A in the diet. Night blindness causes blurred vision that affects the performance in aviation because of accidents that result from poor judgment of the eyesight. Deprivation of oxygen caused by flights at high altitudes leads to poor eyesight and poor performance in aviation thus alternative source for oxygen should be provided. Advertising Looking for term paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Age is another facto r that leads to reduced performance due to blurred vision and other age related disorders (Bibel, 2007, p. 42). In addition, poor health habits that lead to unfitness such as smoking and taking alcohol affect the power of vision thus leading to poor performance in aviation. The sense of hearing is also vital in for superior performance in aviation. The inner ear helps to maintain motion hearing that creates the vestibular orientation during a flight. Forces during the flight lead to disorientation during the flights that affect the sense of hearing. Poor sense of hearing lead to poor performance in aviation caused by poor communication with the groundwork personnel. In addition, poor performance caused by poor sense of hearing is attributed to inability to create vestibular orientation. Physical fitness improves performance in aviation by maintaining a healthy nervous system that is critical in creating postural orientation during a flight. Physical exercise helps in keeping the ner vous system active, by dilation of blood vessels to allow free circulation of blood and dissolved oxygen that help to keep the mind alert. The nerves help to transmit information to the brain that helps to make a judgment during the flights. Good coordination during the flight because of potent nervous system creates a superior performance in aviation. Health factors affect fitness of individuals and their performance in aviation depending on individuals’ state of health and intensity of a condition. The conditions that affect fitness in performance, in aviation, range from minor ailments to severe cases. Minor physical illnesses such as coughing, flu, and the common cold amongst others make the aircrafts worker uncomfortable in their work thus lead to poor performance but not to great extent. Major illnesses lead to the reduced performance in aviation as the workers may be hospitalized or go on sick leaves for treatments. Moreover, high prevalence of HIV/AIDS leads to reduc ed immunity of the aircrafts workers thus reducing their performance in aviation. In severe conditions of HIV/AIDS, the workers are unfit to work, or their death occurs that substantially reduces performance in aviation because of loss of skilled labor. In addition, minor injuries such as sprained wrists and anklets reduce work performance of aircrafts workers because of pain. Severe injuries such as broken arms and limbs make the workers unfit for the aircraft work thus reduces their performance in aviation greatly. Physical conditions such as obesity, heart attack, diabetes, age related conditions such as blurred vision, and hearing loss considerably reduces performance in aviation thus legislation should ensure the workers undergo medical checkup prior to their duties. Moreover, toxins and other related substances may lead to health complications such as cancers, deaths due to intoxication and other unforeseen effects that make the workers unfit for the work and reduce their per formance in aviation (Garland, Wise, Hopkin, 1999, p. 54).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Fitness and Performance in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Measures are taken, for the aircrafts workers, to remain fit for their work and improve their performance in aviation. To keep fit, the aircraft workers should take regular meals consisting of a well balanced diet. The workers are recommended to take regular physical exercise thrice a week that is sufficient and twice the resting pulse rate for twenty minutes. In addition, the workers should be responsible for their health, avoid smoking, and practice safe alcohol intake that is recommended by the aviation regulations. Consequently, mental fitness of the workers is critical for superior performance in aviation. Stress and stress related factors are inevitable in life may lead to poor performance in aviation if not well managed. Stress results from deman ds to cope up with life situations or adjust to some changes in life or the environment. The results of stress if not well managed make individuals unfit for aviation work and thus lead to poor performance in aviation in various ways. At first, stress causes physiological and health disorders such as dryness of mouths, nausea, ulcers and insomnia amongst others that lead to reduced activity and poor performance in aviation (Garland, Wise, Hopkin, 1999, p. 58). Stress factors that lead to change in behavior that is indicated by lack of activity, loss of appetite, shaking and irresponsibility lead to poor performance in aviation due to reduced work output. Moreover, stress may cause poor concentration, loss of memory and indecision that lead to the occurrence of errors in aviation thus declining the performance. Depression, anxiety, moodiness, and aggression of the workers affect performance of their duties leading to decreased work output. Domestic stress that results from home-rel ated affairs such as marital problems amongst spouses, children, bereavement of family members, and friends preoccupy individuals’ minds leading to distractions and poor concentration during work. This leads to poor performance in aviation. Work related stress results from pressure to meet deadlines or poor work relationship that create conflicts at work. Night shift work creates stress to individuals if not well scheduled, as the night shift workers tend to have disturbed sleep during the day and few hours of sleep, unlike the daylight workers. The workers should adopt sleep strategies for night shift workers to ensure their fitness and stay alert at work during the day. Poor relationships of public within an organization may lead to stress to create an organizational culture thus poor organization leads to reduced performance in aviation.Advertising Looking for term paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Physiological fitness increases performance in aviation and can be created through stress management. To keep fit, individuals adopt relaxation techniques, such as listening to music and doing personal hobbies that boost performance in aviation (Lowry, 1999, p. 104). Besides, individuals should ensure that they have enough sleep and take well-balanced diet to increase their activity at work. Physical exercise helps to release fatigue, relax and increases personal activity thus vital in managing stress and increasing performance in aviation. Furthermore, counseling by colleagues, fellow workers, and professional counselors help to manage stress, keep physiologically fit, and increase performance in aviation. Arousal is another factor that indicates fitness for performance in aviation and work in general. Arousal refers to fitness of an individual to perform a given task (Garland, Wise, Hopkin, 1999, p. 62). For optimum performance in aviation, a certain level of stimulation or arou sal is required. The level of arousal varies from one person to another. Some people feel overloaded by multi-tasking while others perform well under pressure. There are different levels of arousal that determine the level of performance in aviation. First, there is under-aroused level that creates poor performance in aviation. Individuals who have low levels of arousal are not particularly active during the work due to complacency and dullness. The optimum level of arousal leads to increased performance in aviation because of increased activity and motivation to carry out given tasks. Lastly, there is over-arousal level that to some degree leads to poor performance in aviation, as the individuals tend to leave some tasks and focus on others. Over–arousal can be a sign of abuse of drugs, which cause stimulative and sedative effects. Moreover, sleep, fatigue, and shift work affect individual fitness and performance in aviation. Sleep occurs in cycles and changes in the sleep cycles due to night shift work and other external environmental factors affect the circadian rhythms of an individual. The physiological changes in the body, changes in behavior, and body functions have a regular cycle of circadian rhythm that indicates fitness of an individual. The circadian factors are not only controlled by the brain, but also by the physical environment factors such as changes in body temperature. The fitness of an individual determines how he or she adapts to the changes and thus affects performance of night shift workers in aviation. Consequently, the fitness of an individual for performance in aviation is affected by fatigue that can be either physiological or subjective. The physiological stress indicates body’s need for relaxation and refreshment. It is usually related to unfitness of an individual for work due to physical activity, changes of circadian rhythms, irresponsible health behaviors such as drinking, and smoking, and personal health. The physical stress can be managed by having sound sleep and a rest. Subjective fatigue is related to individual’s feeling being tired and sleepy that depends on the degree of motivation. Subjective fatigue leads to poor performance in aviation because of an individual feeling of extreme lack of activity. Fatigue affects the fitness of an individual for performance in aviation through various ways. First, fatigue leads to reduced perception of sight, sense of hearing and vision that lead to decreased performance in aviation. Problems of memory loss and slow reaction occur because of fatigue that affects fitness of an individual for performance in aviation. Moreover, stressed individuals are poor in making judgments and decisions that increase their chances of making mistakes thus leading to poor performance in aviation. Lastly, fatigue leads to reduced work standards due to changes in moods, reduced concentration, and memory loss. The fitness of an individual affects the time he or she take to sleep and thus affects performance in aviation for shift workers. The period for sleep varies with individuals with some individuals taking long hours to sleep while others take a shorter period (Stolzer, Harlford, Goglia, 2008, p. 98). Depending on the individual, lack of sleep leads to reduced performance in aviation because of increased chances to make mistakes due to sleepiness. On the other hand, healthy sleep ensures individuals are fit for work thus increases aviation in performance. Lastly, fitness in performance of an individual in aviation is affected use of medication and abuse of drugs. The abuse of alcohol leads to depression of the nervous system that causes blurred vision, loss of memory and body balance, and judgment that hinder performance in aviation. Moreover, the use of some medication whether prescribed or not should be carefully considered as it may affect work performance of aviation workers. The first dose of medication should take at least twenty-four hours before any task to minimize risk of hyperactivity. Furthermore, the abuse of drugs such as cocaine, bhang, and heroin impair the performance the brain that make individuals unfit for aviation activities that reduce performance in aviation. In conclusion, performance in aviation is dependent on physical and physiological fitness of an individual. Physical fitness leads to increased performance in aviation, which is attributed to increased activity, reduced fatigue, and mental alertness. Regular physical exercise and taking a well balanced diet are critical in maintaining physical fitness and increasing performance in aviation. Physiological fitness affects the decision-making process, activity of an individual, and orientation during flight. It is recommendable for individuals to ensure proper management of stress related factors, such as work overload, lack of sleep, and fatigue that lead to reduced performance in aviation. References Bibel, G. (2007). Beyond the Black Box: The Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Baltimore: JHU Press. Garland, J., Wise, A., Hopkin,V.,D. (1999). Handbook of Aviation Human Factor. London: Routledge. Lowry, T. (1999). Performance of Light Aircraft. Virginia: AIAA. Stolzer,J., Harlford,C., Goglia, J. (2008). Safety Management Systems in Aviation. Farnham : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Impact Of Cell Phones Usage English Language Essay Essays

Impact Of Cell Phones Usage English Language Essay Essays Impact Of Cell Phones Usage English Language Essay Essay Impact Of Cell Phones Usage English Language Essay Essay Cell phones adopted by immature coevals in recent twelvemonth, have become planetary phenomena around the universe. Therefore, with the outgrowth of this engineering about everyone has tried to follow these cell phones. We found in this research that cell phone use had a negative impact on pupils GPA. Students utilizing their cell phone during category, they besides having and directing text messages during their category so they were able to pay less attending to talk and therefore it had negative impact on pupils public presentation. Cardinal footings: Cell phones use, Academic public presentation, GPA Introduction Commercialization of cellular phone engineering has increased its usage in recent old ages. In Pakistan sum endorsers for cell phones till 12 September 2012 have reached to 120,513,430 ( Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ) . The acceptance of cell phones by immature coevals has been a planetary phenomenon in recent old ages. It has become an built-in portion of stripling s day-to-day life and has become one of the most popular signifiers of communicating. In today s universe about every pupil is holding cell phone in their pocket, clipped to a belt, or hidden in a brief instance or bag and knows perfect use of it. As engineering is turning every twenty-four hours at really fast rate, and is conveying positive and negative effects for society and so is with cell phone engineering that has brought both positive and negative effects. It is normally observed that these cell phones have besides become position symbol for young person and they have indulged themselves in the competition of holding best and most updated cell phone with maximal characteristics. Today s young person prefer cell phones more every bit compared to internet or any other societal activity. Young people ain cell phone and besides want to upgrade it every bit shortly as new theoretical account is launched in the market. Cell phones are that much involved in our life that the individual who own cell phone is tend to be thought socially connected, independent, modern and in demand by the society. One of the most used applications of cell phones by our immature coevals is text messaging and these cellular web companies have besides played a critical function in negatively impacting our immature coevals by presenting a figure of bundles for text messaging and calls besides. Students of today are maestro in fastest text messaging and are seen text messaging piece at place, at university, going, in schoolroom and specially while analyzing. Communication with fellow pupils, professors, parents, and everyone else is merely a click off. Most of the pupils use it for chew the fating with friends. This research paper explores the impact of cell phones` use on pupils academic public presentation. We examined the consequence of nomadic use on the classs among university pupils. Literature Review Cell phones and academic public presentation: The innovation of cell phone has brought radical alteration in the universe. And therefore bought alteration in the life style of people utilizing it including pupils. In 2005, the figure of cell phone endorsers worldwide will make 2 billion ( Deloitte Research, 2005 ) . And in Pakistan entire fixed phone endorser by December 2011 reached to merely 3,098,117, less than nomadic phone endorser that were 120,151,253 boulder clay December 2011 ( Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ) . Surveies have systematically shown that cell phone is used and loved more than telecasting or cyberspace by pupils, whether they are utilizing cyberspace or watching telecasting they are holding cell phone in their custodies. Through common observation we besides evaluated that pupils need to return to their place if they forget to take it with them. Therefore with the outgrowth of this engineering about everyone has tried to follow these cell phones and are addicted to its use that they think their work d one become hard without its services and they are unable to remain connected with their friends and household. The chief issue for instructors is the perturbation created in category room due to cell phone calls and texting. Uniting this with the easiness of concealing the device due to its little size, makes it really hard for instructors to command it. Students are excited to happen out that who has called and what the message is, immature people are loath to turn off their cell phone during category clip. Normally pupils kept their devices on during talks with themselves and besides sometimes bury to turn profile silent during category and its tintinnabulation create perturbation in category. Campbell ( 2006 ) found that pupils and module view the tintinnabulation of cell phone in category to be a serious job. It is clear that if pupils spend clip texting, they will non be able to pay attending to category talk, will non be able to understand the subject and will non be able to bring forth good consequence in category, this will hold impact on their class points. Through common observation it is observed that today pupils are busy with this engineering, spends 90 % of their clip with cell phones and do nt pay attending to their surveies. And if they pretend to their parents that they are analyzing in their room, they are really dodging their parents, it is such a little device that they can easy conceal them and lie with their parents. Students are seeking to do as many friends whether miss or male child as they can, maintaining themselves busy all twenty-four hours and dark, as these web companies for their ain net income have introduced a tonss of inexpensive bundles fo r call and messaging. All these activities in which pupils have engaged themselves in today s universe are pulverizing their present and future. After explicating negative facet there are some positive impact besides, it helps pupils to remain connected with their group members when assigned some group work from their instructor and can besides reach their instructors in clip of holding any trouble sing their assignments. In school it besides helps teacher to state their parents about any serious job happened to the pupils and besides helps teacher to text their parent if they are absent from school. Students are supposed to utilize nomadic phones whole dark texting their friends. It is interesting to observe that there are few common household regulations about immature people s usage of the cell phone. In fact, many striplings ( 58 % ) reported that there were no regulations set by their parents about their cell phone usage and merely 12 % reported that their parents used remotion of their cell phones from them as penalty ( Metthews, 2004 ) . Probably because of the kiping issue it has been found that parents have to take cell phone from their kids at dark while traveling to kip. Some reported that parents had to inquire their kids to halt utilizing phone at dark as so pupils are unable to wake up early in the forenoon for their university, school or college or they feel sleepy during category and make non pay proper attending. Along with academic public presentation cell phones have besides positively and negatively affected societal relationships. With the outgrowth of nomadic phones persons are able to remain connected with their friends, household and relatives populating abroad. In add-on to maintaining up with societal relationships, persons have besides been able to increase productiveness with their work because they can be 100s of stat mis off from the office, and still have instant entree to their e-mail, paperss and contacts wherever they are ( Tully, 2003 ) . A tendency that is going more evident is present absences ; this is the construct of how an person s presence in a societal scene alterations irrespective of their physical presence, they are merely half-present ( Fortunati 2008 ) . Persons go toing any meeting with their friends, coworkers, foreman or any type of societal activity, they leave that topographic point during conversation every bit shortly as their cell phone rings or vibrate. Even when sitting with their parents they do non waver to travel in front and reply the call without believing that this could ache them. Through observation, research workers have found that persons typically will non waver to disrupt an on-going conversation to reply the tintinnabulation of their cell phone. Cell phones have given a new manner to persons to organize new relationships and to beef up bing 1s. Teenss admitted passing about an equal sum of clip speaking as they do texting each month. The characteristic is so of import to them that if texting was no longer an option, 47 per centum of teens say their societal life would stop or be worsened particularly among females ( 54 per centum compared to 40 per centum of males ) ( CTIA Survey 2008 ) . Before the outgrowth of nomadic engineering, persons have regular interaction with one another. As they have really small telephonic contact with one another so they are used to see each other places on a regular basis. Even if any one of the household member is in infirmary, their loved 1s even if out of metropolis make a visit immediately or the following twenty-four hours but now with the outgrowth of cell phones people are supposed to merely inquire about their wellness on phone call with their cell phones. Cell phones besides create a factor of safety among parents. Parents feel satisfied if their kids are holding cell phone with them while traveling outside as they can reach them whenever they want. Even in the clip of exigency they can name them. Not merely parents can reach their kids in the clip of trouble but kids can besides reach them in exigencies. But kids besides sometime misapply this device by stating prevarication to their parents and making whatever they want to make outdoors, as their parents are satisfied with their prevarication. On the other side this device along with disadvantages has helped kids and parents both to remain in contact when outside their place. As everything in this universe have advantages and disadvantages both and it is upon us how we utilize it. Hypothesis Cell phones` use will hold a negative consequence on students` academic public presentation. Model Cell phone use Academic public presentation Methodology The information was collected by administering questionnaire to pupils of different universities in Pakistan with the ages runing between 18 and 30. A sample size of 150 pupils was taken in which 65 respondents were male and 85 respondents were female. The study consisted of 24 inquiries, including cell phone impacts on pupils academic public presentation and societal relationship. Multiple pick inquiries were asked. The dependability of the instrument was calculated by utilizing SPSS. The instrument was personally administered to the sample. Demographic information ( e.g. , age, gender, university, grade, GPA ) was besides collected. Consequences After successfully roll uping the informations through distributing questionnaires in different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, we have inserted that informations in SPSS package informations sheet and run desired maps necessary to cognize that what impact does independent variable ( cell phone use ) have on dependant variable ( pupils academic public presentation ) . We have evaluated pupils academic public presentation by sing their Grade point average. From the correlativity consequences as shown in TABLE 1, we have find that cell phone use is holding negative impact on pupils GPA i.e. ( r= -0.303, P lt ; 0.01 ) . We besides come to cognize that age and GPA is besides negatively related with each other i.e. ( r= -0.154, P lt ; 0.01 ) . The Cronbach s Alpha dependability for this graduated table is 0.688. For ciphering Cronbach s Alpha we have besides reversed the graduated table of inquiry 2, 3 and 6. Table 1 Correlation Consequences M S.D 1 2 3 4 Age 21.487 1.8672 1 Gender 1.58 0.49521 -0.184* Cell phone use 3.267 0.4512 0.045 -0.149 1 GPA 1.9911 0.57583 -0.154 0.246** -0.303** 1 ** . Correlation is important at the 0.01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . * . Correlation is important at the 0.05 degree ( 2-tailed ) . Table 2 Arrested development Consequences Predictor Academic public presentation ( GPA ) I? I† Sig. Measure 1 Age -0.27 0.164 Gender 0.205 0.006 Measure 2 Age -0.26 0.167 Gender 0.169 0.020 Cell phone use -0.212 0.072 0.001 The tabular array 2 shows the arrested development consequence of dependant and independent variable. In measure 1 control variables i.e. age, gender is shown and in measure 2 independent variable i.e. cell phone use is shown. In horizontal line we have dependent variable i.e. academic public presentation measured utilizing pupils GPA. The fluctuation in pupils academic public presentation ( GPA ) due to cell phone use is 7.2 % . The impact of cell phones use on pupil academic public presentation is negative i.e. ( I? = -0.212 ) . This implies that the pupil whose use of cell phone is more is holding low GPA i.e. demoing hapless academic public presentation. Discussion In this research paper we have evaluated that what impact pupils cell phone use has on their academic public presentation by sing their GPA. Students age and gender is besides taken into history while running analysis utilizing SPSS. Cell phone use is taken as independent variable and pupils academic public presentation is taken as dependent variable. Questionnaires are given to be filled by pupils of different universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad between the age of 18 and 30. The information collected is analyzed by utilizing SPSS package and evaluated the impact of cell phones use on pupils academic public presentation. The consequence shows that cell phones use is negatively impacting pupils academic public presentation. This means that the pupils who are utilizing cell phone more are holding low GPA. On inquiring inquiries on how much clip they spend on utilizing their cell phone and in how many categories they use cell phone, we have found that there is negative relationship of these two inquiries with pupils GPA. That is the pupils who are utilizing cell phone about 7-10 hours and those besides who use cell phone during their most of the categories are holding low GPA. On inquiring random inquiries we have found that one of the most used characteristic of cell phone is text messaging used by 67 % pupils ( female 37 % and male 30 % ) . Almost 81 % pupils ( female 46 % , male 35 % ) are utilizing standard text messages as compared to multimedia messages or other. 43 % pupils ( 31 % female and 13 % male ) say that they put their nomadic phone on soundless manner while go toing category. 35 % pupi ls ( 20 % female and 15 % male ) say that they on occasion receive or send text messages while the category was in session. 55 % pupils ( 35 % female and 20 % male ) agree on policy that Mobile should be kept by pupils but they should put it in quiver manner. 61 % pupils ( 40 % female, 21 % male ) say that they do non utilize dark bundles on their cell phone. 42 % pupils ( 23 % female, 19 % male ) say that they use twenty-four hours bundles on their cell phone. 67 % pupils ( 39 % female, 27 % male ) say that they spent 10 % of their pocket money on cell phones. 56 % pupils ( 32 % female, 24 % male ) say that they sometimes use their cell phone while making their assignments. As consequences show that those pupils who spend most of their clip on cell phone are accomplishing low GPA, which is in conformity with the literature and common observation. Students are utilizing their cell phone during category, they are besides having and directing text messages during their category so they will be able to pay less attending to talk and therefore it will hold negative impact on pupils public presentation. Some pupils are besides utilizing dark bundles on their cell phone which will do them unable to be attentive in their forenoon category or may be unable to go to the first category. It is better to trip missed call qui vive on their cell phone and put it off during category and when they will on it they will have message of all the calls they missed when the cell phone was away. In last reasoning all cell phone use is significantly impacting our young person who are misapplying this engineering, and therefore demoing hapless academic public presentation and p ulverizing their calling chances.